Mathematical formulas

The "math" element allows to add math formulas. The syntax of the formula must conform to the MathML2 syntax, which is an XML-based way of describing mathematical formulas.

This article present an overview of the MathML2 syntax.

Special characters

Mathematical characters are not ASCII. Therefore you should escape these characters. For example:

• "−": the mathematical minus character (−)
• "×": the multiplication sign (×) character
• "±" or "±": the plus or minus character (±)
• "∈" or "∈": the element of character (∈)
• "∏" or "∏": the ary product (∏) character
• "√" or "√": the square root (√) character
• "∞" or "∞": the infinity (∞) character
• "∫" or "∫": the integral (∫) character
• "∑" or "∑": the sum (∑) character

Examples

Basic example

   <math>
      <mi>a</mi>
      <msup>
         <mi>x</mi>
         <mn>2</mn>
      </msup>
   </math>

Result:

A square root

   <math>
      <msqrt>
         <mi>x</mi>
         <mo>+</mo>
         <mi>y</mi>
      </msqrt>
   </math>

Result:

A fraction

   <math>
      <mrow>
         <mfrac>
            <mrow>
               <mi>a</mi>
            </mrow>
            <mrow>
               <mi>b</mi>
            </mrow>
         </mfrac>
         <mo>=</mo>
         <mi>c</mi>
      </mrow>
   </math>

Result:

A multiplication sign

   <math>
      <mi>a</mi>
      <mo>&times;</mo>
      <mi>b</mi>
   </math>

Result:

A formula with parenthesis

   <math>
      <mi>a</mi>
      <mfenced>
         <mrow>
            <mi>b</mi>
            <mo>-</mo>
            <mi>c</mi>
         </mrow>
      </mfenced>
   </math>

Result:

An integral

   <math>
      <mrow>
         <munderover>
            <mo>&int;</mo>
            <mn>-1</mn>
            <mn>+1</mn>
         </munderover>
         <mfrac>
            <mrow>
               <mi>d</mi>
               <mi>x</mi>
            </mrow>
            <mi>x</mi>
         </mfrac>
      </mrow>
   </math>

Result:

A sum

   <math>
      <mrow>
         <munderover>
            <mo>&sum;</mo>
            <mrow>
               <mi>n</mi>
               <mo>=</mo>
               <mn>1</mn>
            </mrow>
            <mrow>
               <mn>5</mn>
            </mrow>
         </munderover>
         <mrow>
            <msup>
               <mrow>
                  <mi>n</mi>
               </mrow>
               <mrow>
                  <mn>2</mn>
               </mrow>
            </msup>
         </mrow>
      </mrow>
   </math>

Result:

A matrix

   <math>
      <mrow>
         <mfenced open="[" close="]">
            <mrow>
               <mtable>
                  <mtr>
                     <mtd>
                        <mi>a</mi>
                     </mtd>
                     <mtd>
                        <mi>b</mi>
                     </mtd>
                  </mtr>
                  <mtr>
                     <mtd>
                        <mi>c</mi>
                     </mtd>
                     <mtd>
                        <mi>d</mi>
                     </mtd>
                  </mtr>
               </mtable>
            </mrow>
         </mfenced>
      </mrow>
   </math>

Result:

A complex formula

   <math>
      <mi>x</mi>
      <mo>=</mo>
      <mrow>
         <mfrac>
            <mrow>
               <mo>&#x2212;</mo>
               <mi>b</mi>
               <mo>&#x00B1;</mo>
               <msqrt>
                  <msup>
                     <mi>b</mi>
                     <mn>2</mn>
                  </msup>
                  <mo>-</mo>
                  <mn>4</mn>
                  <mi>a</mi>
                  <mi>c</mi>
               </msqrt>
            </mrow>
            <mrow>
               <mn>2</mn>
               <mi>a</mi>
            </mrow>
         </mfrac>
      </mrow>
   </math>

Result: